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Law of Moses
The Law of Moses refers primarily to the Torah or first five books of the Hebrew Bible, traditionally believed to be written by Moses.
==Terminology==
The Law of Moses or Torah of Moses (Hebrew ''Torat Moshe'' תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה, Septuagint Greek ''nomos Moyse'' νόμος Μωυσῆ) is a biblical term first found in the Book of Joshua 8:31-32 where Joshua writes the Hebrew words of "Torat Moshe תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה" (translated as "Law of Moses", meaning "instructions of Moses") on the altar at Mount Ebal. The text continues "And afterward he read all the words of the teachings, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the Torah." (Joshua 8:34).〔Kristin De Troyer, Armin Lange ''Reading the present in the Qumran library'' 2005 p158 "Both at the beginning and at the ending of the Gibeonites' story there is now a reference to the law of Moses and to the fact that ... The building of the altar happens on Mount Ebal, not in Gilgal—Joshua gets to Gilgal only in 9:6. "〕 The term occurs 15 times in the Hebrew Bible, another 7 times in the New Testament, and repeatedly in Second Temple period, intertestamental, rabbinical and patristic literature.
The usage of the Hebrew term ''Torah'' (which was translated into Greek as "nomos" or "Law") as equivalent to the English term "Pentateuch" (from Latinised Greek), meaning the "Five Books of Moses" of the Hebrew Bible, is clearly documented only from the 2nd Century BCE.〔Frank Crüsemann, Allan W. Mahnke ''The Torah: theology and social history of Old Testament law p331 1996 " there is only clear evidence for the use of the term Torah to describe the Pentateuch as a ..."〕 In modern Hebrew the term ''Torah'' (typically translated into English as "instruction") refers to both the first section of the Tanakh and to the "Torah of Moses" itself, the actual regulations and commandments found among the 2nd to 5th books of the Hebrew Bible. Rarely in English "the Law" can also refer to the whole Pentateuch including Genesis, but this is generally in relation to New Testament uses where ''nomos'' "the Law" sometimes refers to all five books, including Genesis. This use of the Hebrew term "Torah, 'Law'," for the first five books is considered misleading by bible scholar John Van Seters since the Pentateuch "consists of about one half law and the other half narrative."〔John Van Seters ''The Pentateuch: a social-science commentary'' 2004 p16 "Furthermore, the Hebrew term Torah, 'Law', is a little misleading as a description of the content of the Pentateuch, since it consists of about one half law and the other half narrative. "〕 The adjective "Mosaic" meaning "of Moses" is also found in the description "Mosaic Law" in which case only the actual law, not the five books is intended.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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